Their efforts were supported by the Confederate States Army. Hunley and McClintock moved to Mobile to develop a second submarine, American Diver with the collaboration of two others. John Confederate submarine may have been constructed about this time. But the Union advance towards New Orleans caused the men to abandon development and scuttle Pioneer the following month. Hunley, McClintock, and Baxter Watson first built Pioneer, which was tested in February 1862 in the Mississippi River, and was later towed to Lake Pontchartrain for additional trials. While the United States Navy was constructing its first submarine USS Alligator, in late 1861, the Confederacy was also doing so. Horace Lawson Hunley provided financing for James McClintock to design three submarines: Pioneer in New Orleans, Louisiana, American Diver built in Mobile, and Hunley. Examination in 2012 of recovered Hunley artifacts suggested that the submarine was as close as 20 ft (6.1 m) to her target, Housatonic, when her deployed torpedo exploded, which caused the submarine's sinking. Hunley did not survive the attack and sank, taking all eight members of her third crew with her, and was lost.įinally located in 1995, Hunley was raised in 2000 and is on display in North Charleston, South Carolina, at the Warren Lasch Conservation Center on the Cooper River. On 17 February 1864, Hunley attacked and sank the 1,240- ton United States Navy screw sloop-of-war Housatonic, which had been on Union blockade-duty in Charleston's outer harbor. Both times Hunley was raised and returned to service. She sank again on 15 October 1863, killing all eight of her second crew, including Horace Lawson Hunley himself, who was aboard at the time, even though he was not a member of the Confederate military. Hunley (then referred to as the "fish boat", the "fish torpedo boat", or the "porpoise") sank on 29 August 1863 during a test run, killing five members of her crew. She was then shipped by rail on 12 August 1863 to Charleston. Hunley, nearly 40 ft (12 m) long, was built at Mobile, Alabama, and launched in July 1863. She was named for her inventor, Horace Lawson Hunley, shortly after she was taken into government service under the control of the Confederate States Army at Charleston, South Carolina. Twenty-one crewmen died in the three sinkings of Hunley during her short career. She was the first combat submarine to sink a warship ( USS Housatonic), although Hunley was not completely submerged and, following her attack, was lost along with her crew before she could return to base. Hunley demonstrated the advantages and dangers of undersea warfare. Hunley, or CSS Hunley, was a submarine of the Confederate States of America that played a small part in the American Civil War. Newer generation Virginia-class subs are equipped with Virginia Payload Modules, or VPM, to carry Tomahawk cruise missiles, extending the sub's body by 84 feet. Because the MMP connects the fore and aft sections of the submarine, a tapered passageway called a "wasp waist" passes through the MMP, allowing crew and boat-length wiring to connect both ends of the craft. The multi-mission platform, or MMP, is a fortified section of the hull that can turn the submarine into a hangar of sorts for a host of deep-sea exploratory instruments. Like the submarine under construction, the Jimmy Carter sports a 100-foot hull extension called a multi-mission platform. While specific details of the hull design are closely guarded for national security, the new submarine is expected to bolster – and could eventually succeed – the USS Jimmy Carter, a Seawolf-class submarine commissioned in 2005 and presently the only special-mission sub of its kind deployed by the Navy.
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